Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation. It can start a few days before the period begins and last for several days afterwards. The pain is in the lower abdomen and back (lower back pain). There are two types of dysmenorrhoea. Primary dysmenorrhoea, which is not caused by gynaecological disorders, and secondary dysmenorrhoea, which is caused by gynaecological disorders (endometriosis), (adenomyosis).